Epm, or equine protozoal myeloencephalitis, is a neurological disorder that affects horses worldwide. It is a significant concern for horse owners and equine professionals, as it can cause a range of symptoms from mild to severe, and can have a significant impact on a horse’s quality of life and productivity.
Epm in Horses: Understanding the Cause
Epm is caused by the protozoan parasite Sarcocystis neurona, which is typically transmitted to horses through the ingestion of contaminated feed or water. The parasite infects the horse’s central nervous system, leading to inflammation and damage to the brain and spinal cord.
The Life Cycle of Sarcocystis Neurona
The life cycle of Sarcocystis neurona is complex and involves multiple hosts. The parasite is typically found in opossums, which are the primary carriers of the parasite. When an opossum ingests contaminated feed or water, it becomes infected with the parasite. The parasite then multiplies in the opossum’s tissues and is shed in its feces. Horses can become infected by ingesting contaminated feed or water, which contains the parasite’s oocysts. Once ingested, the oocysts hatch in the horse’s digestive tract and the parasites migrate to the central nervous system, where they cause infection and disease.
Symptoms of Epm in Horses
The symptoms of Epm in horses can vary depending on the severity of the infection. Common symptoms include ataxia, or a lack of coordination, weakness, and paralysis of the hind legs. In severe cases, Epm can cause seizures, blindness, and even death. The symptoms of Epm can be similar to those of other neurological disorders, making it important for veterinarians to perform a thorough diagnostic evaluation to confirm the diagnosis.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Epm in Horses
The diagnosis of Epm in horses typically involves a combination of clinical signs, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Laboratory tests may include blood tests and cerebrospinal fluid analysis, while imaging studies may include MRI or CT scans. Treatment for Epm typically involves a combination of antiprotozoal medications and supportive care, such as anti-inflammatory medications and physical therapy. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to provide intensive care and monitoring.
Epm In Horses Is Caused By What
EPM, or equine protozoal myeloencephalitis, is a neurological disorder that affects horses and is caused by a protozoan parasite called Sarcocystis neurona. This parasite is transmitted to horses through the feces of opossums, which are the primary hosts of the parasite.
Transmission of EPM
The transmission of EPM occurs when a horse ingests contaminated food or water, or comes into contact with an infected opossum. The parasite then enters the horse’s digestive system and begins to multiply, eventually making its way to the horse’s brain and spinal cord.
Once the parasite reaches the central nervous system, it begins to cause inflammation and damage to the brain and spinal cord, leading to a range of symptoms including:
- Ataxia (loss of coordination and balance)
- Weakness or paralysis of the legs
- Difficulty swallowing or eating
- Loss of appetite
- Weight loss
- Depression or lethargy
Symptoms of EPM
The symptoms of EPM can vary depending on the severity of the infection and the location of the parasite in the brain and spinal cord. Some horses may exhibit mild symptoms, while others may experience more severe symptoms. (See Also: How Often Do You Float Horses Teeth)
In the early stages of the disease, horses may exhibit subtle signs of ataxia, such as:
- Difficulty walking in a straight line
- Stumbling or tripping
- Difficulty turning or changing direction
As the disease progresses, horses may exhibit more severe symptoms, including:
- Severe ataxia
- Paralysis of the legs
- Difficulty standing or walking
- Loss of balance
Diagnosis of EPM
The diagnosis of EPM is typically made through a combination of physical examination, neurological testing, and laboratory tests.
Physical examination may reveal signs of ataxia, weakness, or paralysis, as well as changes in the horse’s gait or posture.
Neurological testing may include:
- Neurological examination
- Electroencephalography (EEG)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Laboratory tests may include:
- Blood tests to detect antibodies to Sarcocystis neurona
- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis to detect signs of inflammation or infection
Treatment of EPM
The treatment of EPM typically involves a combination of antiparasitic medications and supportive care. (See Also: What Horses Are Running In The Preakness This Year)
Antiparasitic medications may include:
- Pyrantel pamoate
- Ivermectin
- Doxycycline
Supportive care may include:
- Rest and relaxation
- Pain management
- Physical therapy
- Nutritional support
Prevention of EPM
The prevention of EPM is crucial in reducing the risk of infection. Here are some steps you can take to reduce the risk of EPM in your horse:
- Keep your horse’s living area clean and free of opossums
- Use fly repellents and insecticides to reduce the risk of opossums entering your horse’s living area
- Feed your horse a balanced diet that includes a commercial feed that has been formulated to reduce the risk of EPM
- Provide your horse with regular exercise and mental stimulation to reduce stress and anxiety
Conclusion
EPM is a serious neurological disorder that affects horses and is caused by a protozoan parasite called Sarcocystis neurona. The transmission of EPM occurs through the ingestion of contaminated food or water, or contact with an infected opossum. The symptoms of EPM can vary depending on the severity of the infection and the location of the parasite in the brain and spinal cord. Diagnosis is typically made through a combination of physical examination, neurological testing, and laboratory tests. Treatment involves a combination of antiparasitic medications and supportive care. Prevention is crucial in reducing the risk of infection, and includes keeping your horse’s living area clean and free of opossums, using fly repellents and insecticides, feeding a balanced diet, and providing regular exercise and mental stimulation.
Recap
EPM is a serious neurological disorder that affects horses and is caused by a protozoan parasite called Sarcocystis neurona. The transmission of EPM occurs through the ingestion of contaminated food or water, or contact with an infected opossum. The symptoms of EPM can vary depending on the severity of the infection and the location of the parasite in the brain and spinal cord. Diagnosis is typically made through a combination of physical examination, neurological testing, and laboratory tests. Treatment involves a combination of antiparasitic medications and supportive care. Prevention is crucial in reducing the risk of infection, and includes keeping your horse’s living area clean and free of opossums, using fly repellents and insecticides, feeding a balanced diet, and providing regular exercise and mental stimulation.
By understanding the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of EPM, horse owners can take steps to reduce the risk of infection and provide the best possible care for their horses.
Here are five FAQs related to “Epm In Horses Is Caused By What”:
Frequently Asked Questions
What is EPM in horses?
EPM, or Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis, is a neurological disorder caused by a protozoan parasite that infects the central nervous system of horses. It is a common condition that can cause a range of symptoms, including weakness, ataxia, and paralysis. (See Also: What Is Colic In Horses Caused By)
What causes EPM in horses?
EPM is caused by the protozoan parasite Sarcocystis neurona, which is typically transmitted to horses through the feces of an opossum or other infected animal. The parasite enters the horse’s body through the digestive tract and then migrates to the central nervous system, where it causes inflammation and damage to the brain and spinal cord.
Can EPM be transmitted from horse to horse?
No, EPM is not typically transmitted from horse to horse. The parasite that causes EPM is primarily transmitted through the feces of an opossum or other infected animal, and it is not contagious between horses. However, horses that are in close proximity to infected animals may be at a higher risk of contracting the parasite.
What are the symptoms of EPM in horses?
The symptoms of EPM in horses can vary depending on the severity of the infection and the location of the parasite in the central nervous system. Common symptoms include weakness, ataxia (loss of coordination), paralysis, and changes in behavior or mood. In severe cases, EPM can cause seizures, coma, and even death.
How is EPM diagnosed and treated in horses?
EPM is typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, neurological testing, and diagnostic imaging such as MRI or CT scans. Treatment for EPM typically involves a combination of anti-parasitic medication and supportive care, such as rest, nutrition, and physical therapy. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove damaged tissue or relieve pressure on the brain or spinal cord. With proper treatment and care, many horses with EPM are able to recover and lead normal lives.
