Since its approval by the FDA, Apoquel has gained popularity among veterinarians and pet owners for its ability to quickly relieve itching caused by allergic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis. While the drug is considered safe and effective, many dog owners express concern about potential side effects—including weight gain.
1. What Is Apoquel?
Apoquel is an immunomodulatory drug that works by inhibiting specific enzymes known as Janus kinases (JAKs), particularly JAK1 and JAK3. These enzymes play a role in the signaling pathways that cause inflammation and allergic responses in dogs. By blocking these pathways, Apoquel helps to reduce itching, redness, and inflammation.
The medication is usually prescribed for dogs over 12 months of age and weighing more than 6.6 pounds (3 kg). It is available in tablet form and can be given with or without food.
2. Common Side Effects of Apoquel
According to the manufacturer (Zoetis) and data from clinical trials, Apoquel is generally well-tolerated by dogs. The most commonly reported side effects include:
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Lethargy
- Anorexia (loss of appetite)
- Increased susceptibility to infections (such as skin or ear infections)
These side effects are typically mild and resolve without discontinuing the medication. Serious side effects are rare but may occur, particularly in dogs with pre-existing conditions or compromised immune systems. (See Also: Can Dogs Eat Raw Hide)
Notably, weight gain is not listed as a common side effect in the official prescribing information.
3. Is Weight Gain a Documented Side Effect?
As of the latest available data, weight gain is not a directly documented or widely recognized side effect of Apoquel. Neither the FDA label nor the clinical trials submitted during the drug’s approval process report weight gain as a frequent adverse event.
However, anecdotal reports from dog owners suggest that some dogs may experience weight changes while on Apoquel. This raises the question: if weight gain is not a direct side effect, could there be indirect factors at play?
4. Managing Your Dog’s Weight While on Apoquel
Even if Apoquel is not the direct cause of weight gain, it’s important to monitor your dog’s weight and overall health while on the medication. Here are some tips for managing weight:
- Regular Weigh-Ins: Monitor your dog’s weight monthly, especially after starting any new medication.
- Diet Control: Ensure your dog is eating a balanced diet appropriate for their age, breed, and activity level. Avoid overfeeding or giving excessive treats.
- Exercise: Keep your dog active with daily walks and playtime. Physical activity not only burns calories but also contributes to joint and heart health.
- Vet Checkups: Schedule regular veterinary appointments to assess whether Apoquel is still the best treatment option and to rule out any underlying causes of weight gain.
5. Alternatives to Apoquel
If you’re concerned about side effects, including potential weight gain, there are alternatives to Apoquel, such as:
- Cytopoint (an injectable monoclonal antibody treatment)
- Antihistamines (though often less effective)
- Fatty acid supplements (to support skin health)
- Immunotherapy (allergy shots)
Each alternative has its own set of pros and cons, and what works best depends on your dog’s specific condition and health status.
Conclusion
Current evidence does not support Apoquel as a direct cause of weight gain in dogs. However, indirect factors—such as increased appetite due to symptom relief, reduced activity prior to treatment, or concurrent conditions—can lead to weight fluctuations.
Monitoring your dog’s weight, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and consulting with your veterinarian are key steps to ensuring your dog stays fit and comfortable while on Apoquel.